Warfarin-Induced Calcification: Potential Prevention and Treatment Strategies

نویسندگان

چکیده

Warfarin is clinically used as the first choice for long-term anticoagulant therapy, and prevention of thromboembolic events. However, when at low doses in long term or high short term, warfarin treatment may result tissue calcifications—such calcifications coronary arteries, peripheral vascular system, blood vessels patients with atrial fibrillation chronic kidney disease, valves—and atherosclerotic plaque calcification. These warfarin-induced affect cardiovascular function exacerbate diseases such diabetes hypertension. Studies have shown that quercetin, osteoprotegerin, sclerosin, sodium thiosulfate alleviate these effects by interfering Wnt/β-catenin, TG2/β-catenin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2), Eicosapentaenoic Acid/Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 (EPA/MMP-9) pathways, respectively. Nevertheless, mechanism underlying calcification remains unknown. Therefore, question to how effectively attenuate induced ensure its effect an urgent clinical problem needs be resolved. To utilize rationally calcifications, we focused on phenomena, molecular mechanisms, potential strategies prevent Highlighting aspects could provide new insights into effective utilization reduction associated effects.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['2153-8174', '1530-6550']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2309322